A data center rack utilizing living neurons has recently begun operation in Singapore.

      NUS Medicine, data center operator DayOne, and Melbourne’s Cortical Labs have introduced a prototype of a biological data center in Singapore, featuring a 20-unit rack of computers powered by neurons. However, the efficiency claims related to this project lack any published data to back them up.

      On August 6, the system, which includes computers operating on living human neurons, was activated in Singapore and showcased to around 80 attendees. The hardware consists of 20 CL1 units, touted by the partners as the first independently operated biologically integrated server rack in existence. The neurons utilized are cultivated from stem cells at the NUS Life Sciences Institute.

      The premise of this technology is based on electricity consumption. Biological computing is presented as a method to enhance AI capabilities while consuming significantly less power than traditional silicon servers. However, the announcement did not provide any specific metrics to verify these efficiency claims. According to Cortical Labs' own published specifications, a single CL1 unit consumes between 850 and 1,000 watts, meaning the entire rack could use up to 20 kilowatts.

      This power usage is quite typical, as a standard data center rack operates within a similar range. The primary difference lies in the fact that energy is allocated to sustain the neurons rather than for computation, which addresses a separate challenge compared to those faced by startups in other areas.

      The efficiency appears to stem from the neurons themselves, rather than the surrounding infrastructure. For instance, Switzerland's FinalSpark, which operates a remote platform of 16 brain organoids in Vevey, claims that its biological processors require approximately a million times less energy than digital chips.

      These assertions emphasize the cells as the computing entities. In contrast, the incubators, pumps, and temperature control systems essential for the cells’ survival contribute significantly to the electricity costs.

      Meanwhile, Europe is pursuing similar aims using silicon technology. The Netherlands is developing a neuromorphic computing hub focused on chips that replicate neuron functions without the need for sustenance.

      Cortical Labs is keen on attracting customers over publishing research findings. According to founder Hon Weng Chong, this prototype transitions the focus from research to practical applications, highlighting areas like drug discovery, humanoid robotics, cybersecurity, and fraud detection.

      One limitation is biological in nature. The life support system for the CL1 units maintains neuron viability for up to six months, requiring a maintenance plan that traditional silicon racks do not need.

      The critical metric that would clarify the efficiency is energy consumption per useful task, which has yet to be disclosed. In the meantime, investors continue to funnel resources into a brain-inspired technology that operates solely on electricity.