An explanation of ChatGPT models: Guidelines for utilizing each one, as provided by OpenAI.

      The entire surge in AI began with a single ChatGPT model, but a lot has transformed since 2022. Numerous new models have emerged, older versions have been phased out, and constant updates are implemented — the landscape of large language models (LLMs) is quite dynamic. Currently, there are six OpenAI LLMs available, and as both users and Sam Altman recognize, their names are largely unhelpful.

      Most users have likely been opting for the latest model available, but each of the six existing models excels in different areas — and OpenAI has finally shared guidance on which model to use for specific tasks.

      But why are there six models in the first place?

      LLMs can be unpredictable — users are often unaware of the type of responses they will receive, and even developers are not fully certain. While having all capabilities combined into a single model would be more convenient, achieving that is not as straightforward as it may seem.

      As OpenAI refines its models, some features improve while others may decline, and unexpected side effects can arise. It’s uncertain how long it would take to achieve a perfect balance, so releasing new versions focused on specific improvements makes more sense.

      This has led to the creation of the six primary models currently available: GPT-4o, GPT-4.5, OpenAI o4-mini, OpenAI o4-mini-high, OpenAI o3, and OpenAI o1 pro mode. Once again, I must emphasize that these names are rather inadequate. OpenAI has provided a document outlining the function of each, but memorizing which name corresponds to which capabilities could prove difficult — so it might be wise to save this brief reference from the document for your needs.

      **OpenAI Models Overview**

      - **GPT-4o**

      Part of the latest family of models, GPT-4o is designed to "excel at everyday tasks" including:

       - Brainstorming

       - Summarizing

       - Email writing/checking

       - Creative content

      This model allows for web searches, image generation, utilizing advanced voice features, analyzing data, and creating customized GPTs. Users can also upload various file types to enhance their prompts.

      However, according to OpenAI’s own findings, GPT-4o does experience a hallucination issue. It's not the worst among the models, but it did hallucinate around twice as much as o1 during testing.

      This can pose challenges when using it for web searches or learning new information — the biggest issue with hallucinations is that they can seem entirely credible, making it difficult to simply "double-check when something seems off." Instead, to be certain, you must verify almost everything you don't already know to be accurate.

      - **GPT-4.5**

      OpenAI states that GPT-4.5 excels in emotional intelligence, making it adept at helping users communicate effectively. Recommended applications include:

       - Social media posts

       - Product descriptions

       - Customer apology letters

      With strengths in clear communication and creativity, GPT-4.5 is more suited to help find the right tone or phrasing for particular situations while ensuring it remains human-like.

      - **OpenAI o4-mini**

      This model, poorly named, omits the "GPT" designation and rearranges "4o" to "o4." As a smaller model, it contains less extensive internet knowledge than a full-sized version.

      The advantage is that it operates quickly and is cheaper to use, but the downside is that it possesses less "world knowledge" and is more likely to hallucinate to compensate.

      OpenAI suggests using o4-mini for quick technical tasks rather than general inquiries. Examples include:

       - Extracting key data from a CSV file

       - Generating quick summaries of articles

       - Checking or fixing small code block errors

      - **OpenAI o4-mini-high**

      While the name is again unappealing, it is relatively straightforward for those familiar with o4-mini. This model is still small but offers improved accuracy through longer thinking time.

      It’s better suited for detailed coding, math, and scientific explanations. OpenAI suggests its use for:

       - Solving complex math equations with explanations

       - Drafting SQL queries for data extraction

       - Explaining scientific concepts in simple terms

      - **OpenAI o3**

      Though technically an older model (lacking a "4"), o3 remains relevant because the o4/4o family didn’t enhance every aspect. It is particularly proficient at managing complex, multi-step tasks that require multiple prompts.

      This includes strategic planning, detailed analyses, extensive coding, advanced math, science, and visual reasoning. Using o3 can help prevent the model from losing track of context or hallucinating during lengthy or intricate tasks.

      Recommended use cases are:

       - Developing a risk analysis

       - Drafting a data-based business strategy

       - Executing multi-step data analysis tasks

      - **OpenAI o1 pro