Wildlife tracking has received a significant enhancement, and it originates from space.
A new satellite system is transforming animals into a real-time alert system against poaching, potentially saving Africa's rhinos.
In Namibia's wildlife reserves, an impressive development is taking place. The Icarus satellite system is monitoring the reactions of animals, and it may serve as the most effective anti-poaching strategy scientists have ever devised.
To grasp its significance, it's essential to consider the extent of the poaching crisis. Over the past 15 years, more than 10,000 rhinos have been illegally hunted in South Africa, and the situation shows no signs of improvement. Rangers are outmatched, reserves are extensive, and by the time anyone detects a poacher within the park, it is frequently too late.
As reported by the BBC, researchers at the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior in Germany proposed an innovative approach. Rather than increasing the number of rangers or surveillance cameras, they considered using the animals themselves to monitor for threats.
How does this technology function?
Animals exhibit predictable behaviors in response to threats. To accurately capture these panic signals, the research team required real data, necessitating simulations of poaching scenarios at Okambara, a private wildlife reserve in Namibia.
Armed hunters traversed the bush, firing shots into the air while drones documented the reactions of various species. The intent was not to harm the animals but to observe their responses to the fear of an approaching poacher.
Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior
The objective is to utilize these panic behaviors to develop an algorithm capable of sending immediate alerts to rangers. As Martin Wikelski, a leading movement ecologist at the Max Planck Institute, explains, even the most unexpected animals contribute to this system. For example, giraffes don’t flee; they remain still, with their heads aligned in the same direction, observing threats from a safe distance. “So we know where the butcher is,” says Wikelski.
Central to this system are wildlife tracking tags that monitor GPS location, activity, heart rate, body temperature, and atmospheric pressure. The aim is to tag 100,000 animals across the globe by 2030, with each serving as a signal within a worldwide early warning system.
Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior
Can this truly prevent poaching?
At Kruger National Park in South Africa, the system has already assisted in rescuing 80 wild dogs from snares. However, real-time detection of poachers is still under development. In November, Icarus launched its first satellite, with plans for five additional ones by 2027. Once fully operational, it will be capable of gathering real-time movement data from animals worldwide, complicating poacher activities.
Rachit is an accomplished tech journalist with over seven years of experience covering the consumer technology sector.
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Other articles
Wildlife tracking has received a significant enhancement, and it originates from space.
Over the past 15 years, over 10,000 rhinos have been illegally hunted in South Africa. A newly developed satellite system that monitors animal distress could potentially provide rangers with an advantage.
